The Science of STD's

When it comes to sexual health, as we age, we are often caught in the a different type of stigma - that we aren't having any sex... but, the reality is that is just not true. Since 1996, scientific studies have noted that STD's are on the rise in older populations.

Other studies note that, "A range of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV have been reported among older adults. Risk factors for STIs in older populations include (a) normal sexual changes associated with aging (e.g., increased time to attain an erection, decreased vaginal lubrication, decreases in sexual hormones); (b) psychosocial changes (e.g., loss of partner or spouse and re-entering the dating scene); and (c) risky sexual behaviors, including no or infrequent use of condoms."

Newer studies look at this in more depth, noting that whilst sexual behaviors decrease somewhat with age, widely held beliefs that older adults are not having any sex are simply false. They also note that, with the growing market of products designed to help improve genital health and function (Hello, Silky Peach!), as well as better supplements and healthier lifestyles, many adults are having healthy, long lasting sex lives. But, with this, STD's amongst this population have also begun to rise. This is where things get complicated. Many older adults aren't so much stigmatized by their own worries when it comes to STD risk and testing, but rather from either a lack of awareness on their part OR, from the doctors who might not think to run tests for STD's, but instead attribute all problems to 'aging'.

Common STD's

CHLAMYDIA is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases and often presents with mild or no symptoms in women. When symptoms do occur, they may include abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination, and discomfort during intercourse. If left untreated, chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may cause infertility. It is treated with antibiotics, typically azithromycin or doxycycline, and can be cured with proper medication.

GONORRHEA is another widespread STD that can infect the cervix, urethra, and throat. Women may experience increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, and bleeding between periods. In many cases, symptoms are mild or mistaken for a urinary tract infection. If left untreated, gonorrhea can also cause PID and long-term reproductive issues. Antibiotics such as ceftriaxone are used to treat the infection, but antibiotic resistance has made treatment more challenging in recent years.

GENITAL HERPES is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and results in painful blisters or sores in the genital area. Women may also experience flu-like symptoms, itching, and discomfort while urinating. There is no cure for herpes, but antiviral medications like acyclovir and valacyclovir help manage outbreaks and reduce the risk of transmission.

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and certain strains can cause genital warts, while others are linked to cervical cancer. Many women with HPV have no symptoms, but abnormal Pap smear results may indicate an infection. The virus often clears on its own, but treatment for warts may include topical medications, cryotherapy, or surgical removal. Vaccination is available to prevent infection with high-risk strains.

SYPHILIS is a bacterial infection that progresses through several stages if left untreated. The first stage often involves a painless sore called a chancre, which can appear on the genitals or inside the vagina. If not treated, syphilis can progress to a rash, fever, and, in later stages, severe complications affecting the brain and heart. Early detection allows for effective treatment with penicillin injections.

TRICHOMONIASIS is a parasitic infection that can cause vaginal irritation, itching, and a strong-smelling yellow-green discharge. Some women may experience pain during urination or sex, while others have no symptoms at all. It is easily treated with oral medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole.

HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS, can be transmitted through sexual contact and affects the immune system. Early symptoms may include flu-like signs such as fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes, but many women do not experience symptoms for years. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to control the virus and prevent its progression to AIDS, allowing individuals to live long and healthy lives with proper treatment.

BV, Yeast Infections, and UTI's

Now, if all those weren't concern enough, there are also issues such as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and UTI's. All of these can look (and feel) like STD's, but these can arise all by themselves due to a change in our vaginal environment. Additionally, sex can 'cause' these issues since sexual activity can introduce new bacteria into or around the vagina/vulva. However, these are not thought of as STD's, nor are they typically contagious.

However, BV is caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina, whilst a yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of fungus; BV is usually treated with prescription antibiotics, whereas yeast infections can often be treated with over the counter anti-fungal medications.

Similarly, UTI's - as many of us know - can go hand in hand with sex. This is for a similar reason - the introduction of new (usually bad) bacteria that gets into the urethral opening and then triggers a UTI.

You can read more about BV and Yeast infections here, and more about UTI's here.

STD & Stigma

Research into mental health stigma and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) highlights how deeply connected these issues are. Studies show that people diagnosed with STDs often face significant stigma, which can lead to emotional distress, social isolation, and even avoidance of healthcare services. This stigma is often rooted in societal attitudes, moral judgments, and misinformation about transmission and personal responsibility.

Many individuals with STDs experience anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem due to fear of judgment or rejection. Research indicates that stigma can prevent people from seeking medical care, disclosing their status to partners, or accessing mental health support. Many older adults experience shame, embarrassment, or denial after an STD diagnosis, which can lead to increased anxiety, depression, and social isolation.

There is a common misconception that elderly individuals are not sexually active, making them feel judged or dismissed when seeking care. This can worsen feelings of loneliness and discourage open discussions about their sexual health. All of this can prevent elderly individuals from getting tested or treated for STDs. Many doctors may not routinely discuss sexual health with older patients, leading to undiagnosed infections and untreated mental health concerns.

Don't let stigma get in the way of your health - Remember, you can do STD testing online, in the privacy and comfort of your own home!